Heart related changes associated with Menopause
Women are protected by hormones until the time of the menopause.
As the body ages, the reduction in oestrogen increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The metabolic changes with menopause can cause an increase in blood cholesterol levels, in addition to higher blood pressure as the vessels lose elasticity and become stiffer. Plaque can build up in a process known as atherosclerosis, causing fatty deposits to form in the lining of the wall of the coronary arteries.
This can result in narrowing’s, causing reduced blood flow to the heart muscle and present as Angina.
Angina often presents differently in women, with at times more obscure and difficult to pinpoint symptoms. It is less likely to present as chest discomfort or pain, there may be heaviness, pressure, radiating pain or discomfort into the back, shoulder, neck and jaw, toothache, fatigue, or commonly shortness of breath. It is important not to overlook any alteration in general health if symptoms arise.
Structural changes occur also, with the heart muscle wall thickening and valves between the chambers of the heart becoming stiffer, altering how effectively the heart pumps blood around the body. This can cause a reduction in exercise tolerance and can also account for increased breathlessness. Often these symptoms can be experienced and mistaken for a reduction in fitness or being too sedentary. If you have observed a change in your exercise capacity, don’t ignore it, speak with your GP.
Due to an increase in fibrous tissue, the electrical system of the heart can be affected also, resulting in an alteration of heart rate. Experiencing palpitations can be a common occurrence in menopause for some women. The reduction in estrogen levels is thought to cause symptoms which can present as a fluttering or pounding heart sensation. The common stressors that can intensify this are caffeine, alcohol, stress , fatigue and dehydration. If palpitations are getting in the way of day to day life, and are associated with other symptoms such as dizziness, lightheaded episodes, it is advisable to consult your GP.
Whilst menopause can increase the likelihood to experience new symptoms, it is best to discuss any changes with your GP, to rule out any underlying health problems. Following a referral from a GP, South Island Heart & HeartCheck can arrange an appointment to see a nurse for an ECG. This records the rate and rhythm of the heart . If further monitoring is required, your GP can request a 24 or 48 hour Holter monitor.
This is then uploaded and analysed by a Cardiologist. This provides peace of mind for those who are symptomatic and referral for further investigations can be arranged if more testing is required. A referral for an echocardiogram can be requested by the GP also, to check how your heart muscle and valves are functioning.
Looking after heart health and arranging a check up for any concerning symptoms is important, as increased age is a non-modifiable risk factor for heart disease.